2024 NECO AGRIC: (3836)

2022 NECO AGRIC SCIENCE ANSWERS

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Agriculture+Obj!

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THEORY ANSWERS.!!

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer At least One (1) Question From Each Section. One (1) Question Each From SECTION A,B,C,D & E

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SECTION A 

(1a)

Farmstead can be defined as a farm house and all it production and processing structures.

(1b)

(i) Plant crops on the best soil within the farm.

(ii) Livestock buildings should be located on the poorest soil within the farm.

(iii) Buildings should be located in easily accessible areas.

(iv) Farm building should not be located on slopes to avoid erosion.

(1c)

{PICK ANY FOUR} 

(i) lot of produce are wasted due to inadequate storage and processing facilities.

(ii) Improper storage reduces the quantity and quality of farm produce.

(iii) There is lack of technical know-how on food storage and processing.

(iv) Farm produce are sold off at cheap rate, leading to reduces income to the farmers.

(v) Storage and processing facilities are expensive, leading to high cost of produce.

(1di)

{PICK ANY THREE} 

(i) Security of Tenure.

(ii) Ensuring Proper Land use.

(iii) Land Improvement.

(iv) Influence on Size of Holdings.

(v) Control of Production.

(vi) Land Litigation.

(1dii)

{PICK ANY THREE} 

(i) Farmers can easily have access to land.

(ii) The land is wisely used for productive purposes.

(iii) The land is cheap to acquire.

(iv) The land can easily be improved by way of fertilizer application.

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(2a)

Agriculture can be defined as the art and science of cultivating soil, producing crops and raising of animals for the benefit of humanity. Agriculture can also be defined as the practice of growing crops or raising animals

(2b)

{PICK ANY SIX}

(i) Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria. 

(ii) Institute for Agricultural Research. 

(iii)nInstitute of Agricultural Research & Training. 

(iv) International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. 

(v) NAERLS.

(vi) NCRI. 

(vii) NIFFR. 

(viii) NSPRI Ilorin. 

(2c)

(i) Start with a visual inspection of your small farm tractor. 

(ii) Check the tractor's radiator-fluid level. 

(iii) Check the fan's drive belt for wear and tension, and visually inspect the radiator core and grill screen. 

(iv) Top off the tractor's fuel tank. 

(v) Check the tractor's oil.

(2d)

{PICK ANY THREE} 

(i) Health of the animal/diseases 

(ii) Food intake

(iii) Breed of the animal/genetic make-up 

(iv) Weight of the animal

(v) Age of the animal 

(vi) Poor management of the animal 

(vii) Harness used for hitching

(viii) Sex of the animal

(ix) Training given to the animal 

(x) Climate/environmental

(xi) factors Pests

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SECTION B

(4ai)

Sandy Soil.

(4aii)

Clay Soil.

(4aiii)

Clay/Loamy Soil.

(4aiv)

Loamy Soil.

(4b)

(i) Tillage Practices.

(ii) Deforestation.

(iii) Overgrazing.

(iv) Bush Burning.

(4c)

(i) Carbondioxide is lost in the atmosphere mainly by photosynthesis during which plants use it to manufacture their own food.

(ii) By Direct air Capture.

(iii) Carbon mineralization.

(4d)

(i) It makes the farm more prone to hazard lds, e.g. falling into an open drain.

(ii) It is expensive and difficult to establish.

(iii) They are prone to gully erosion.

(iv) They hinder the passage of machine like tractor.

(v) It occupies good land (space) that could have been used for planting. 

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SECTION C

(5a)

{PICK ANY THREE}

(i) Forest Regulation.

(ii) Selective Exploration.

(iii) Deforestation.

(iv) Regeneration.

(v) Afforestation.

(5b)

{PICK ANY THREE}

(i) The chemical used may be toxic to man and domestic animals.

(ii) Pests and diseases may develop resistance yo chemicals.

(iii) Empty containers could be a source of poisoning when used as containers for consumables.

(iv) Some beneficial insects and soil organisms may not be destroyed.

(5ci)

Cocoa is a humid tropical crop. Grows best in areas with 1140mm - 2000mm annual rainfall, well distributed most of the year. Temperature requirements not below 17°C.

(5cii)

(i) By Seeds.

(ii) By Budding.

(iii) By Stem Cutting.

(5ciii)

Nursery is done October to January. Field (transplanting) between April and June.

(5civ)

20cm X 20cm.

(5cv)

{PICK ANY TWO}

(i) Breaking of Pods.

(ii) Fermentation.

(iii) Drying.

(iv) Storage.

(5d)

{PICK ANY FOUR}

(i) Reduce land value.

(ii) Reduce the quality of crop products.

(iii) Increased cost of harvesting.

(iv) Weeds cause losses in crop yields.

(v) Certain weeds are poisonous and hence kill animals that feed on them.

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(6a)

{PICK ANY FOUR}

(i) To increase resistance to diseases.

(ii) To increase resistance to pests.

(iii) To meet the needs of growers.

(iv) To improve the quality of produce.

(v) To increase yield.

(6b)

{PICK ANY THREE}

(i) Persistence.

(ii) Aggressiveness.

(iii) Resistance im Trampling.

(iv) Resistance in Drought.

(v) Pests and Diseases. 

(vi) Accurate Stocking.

(6ci)

{PICK ANY TWO}

(i) Established private horticulture gardens.

(ii) Higher institutions' botanical garden.

(iii) Private houses and offices.

(iv) Resort or Recreational centers.

(6cii)

{PICK ANY THREE}

(i) Provision of Shade.

(ii) Regular Watering.

(iii) Regular Weeding.

(iv) Regular Pruning.

(v) Fencing.

(6di)

Fungus (Phytophthora spp)

(6dii)

{PICK ANY ONE}

(i) Rotten of the bark near the ground.

(ii) Drying and cracking of bark.

(6diii)

(i) By Air.

(ii) Through the soil.

(6div)

{PICK ANY ONE}

(i) Use resistant varieties.

(ii) Spray with appropriate fungicides.

(iii) Paint the trunk with crude cabolic and water.

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SECTION D

(7a)

(i) Treatment them with coccidiostat or anticoccidial drugs

(ii) prophylactic use of coccidiostat in feeds

(iii) vaccine and maintain good hygiene and sanitation practices

(7b)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) coccidiosis 

(ii) Enteritis

(iii) Ear canker mange

(iv) Helminthiasis

(v) Ringworm

(vi) Sore hock

(vii) Mastitis

(7c)

(Pick Any Three)

(i)it is easier and less expensive than t mating since the farmer is saved the expense of maintaning a herd of male animals.

(ii)It is easier and cheaper to import the semen of exotic breeds rather than the male animals themselves.

(iii)It makes it possible to use the best male animal to a large extent.

(iv)It is possible to service many females of different sizes leading to the production of many offsprings.

(7d)

(Pick Any Four)

(i) Regular feeding

(ii)Deweeding of the pond 

(iii) control of predators

(iv) Regular application of fertilizer

(v) constant supply of water

(vi) Regular harvesting of matured fish

(7ei)

(Pick Any One)

(i) Traditional method of bee keeping

(ii) Modern method of bee keeping

(7eii)

(Pick Any Two)

(i) location of apiaries far from human dwellings

(ii) putting warning symbols near apiaries

(iii) wearing of protection clothing

(iv) use of smokers

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SECTION E

(9a)

{PICK ANY TWO}

(i) It helps the entrepreneur to determine the best proportion to combine the various factors of production.

(ii) It enables him to determine the wages he will pay to his workers.

(iii) It enables him to minimise cost and avoid wastage of resources in order to make profit.

(9b)

{PICK ANY THREE}

(i) Central Banks

(ii) Commercial Banks

(iii) Acceptance Houses 

(iv) Nonbank financial institutions

(v) Bill Brokers

(vi) fund managers

(vii) institutional investors

(9c)

{PICK ANY THREE }

(i) Skilled personnel, at both the managerial and operational levels, are scare.

(ii) Lack of adequate information. Farmers need to be convicted to the benefits of insurance before they accept it.

(iii) Uncertainty of weather conditions.

(iv) Some losses due to natural disaster which is known as an act.

(v) Reinsurance for agricultural risks is not easily available.

(9di)

(i) To increase food production.

(ii) To popularise agriculture.

(9dii)

(i) To encourage large-scale farming.

(ii) To establish River Basin Authorities to boost the supply of water for irrigation purposes.

(9diii)

(i) To stimulate small rural farmers to increase their productivity and improve their standard of living.

(ii) To check land tenure system

(9e)

{PICK ANY TWO}

(i) It gives and obtains information that with be useful to farmers and/or researchers.

(ii) It can only work for small group of farmers.

(iii) More attention is given to the individual farmers than any other method.

(iv) It may involve the use of telephone which makes information dissemination faster.

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(10a)

(i) Poor Management:

The senior officials of these cooperatives on the average lack business experience. Their managerial skills are low and thus reduces the efficiency of the cooperatives.

(ii) Illiteracy: These societies are usually made up of ordinary people who want to get better deals. The members are mostly illiterates and create so many problems for the societies without even realising it.

(iii) Lack of Cooperation: Since the members are made up of people from different backgrounds and with different experiences, there is usually a lack of cooperation since people have different views of things.

(10b)

(i) Organisational Ability

(ii) Clear Judgement

(iii) Initiative

(iv) Excellent public speaking skills

(10c)

(i) Farm Gate

(ii) Wholesale Markets

(iii) Retail Markets

(iv) Distributors 

(10d)

(i) SALES ACCOUNT: It is also called sales and receipt account. It shows the details of farm produce sold (type of produce, quantity, date sold, to whom, and at what price)

(ii) PURCHASE ACCOUNT: It is also known as purchase and expenses account. It shows in details, all items purchased and used during the production period. The detail includes inputs name, date purchased, quantity, cost per unit and from whom.

(iii) FARM VALUATION: Farm valuation is carried out in order to get a time value of the farm. It involves the complete listing of assets and their values. Farm valuation carried out at the beginning is called opening valuation while that carried at the end is known as closing valuation. Every valuation must be based on the market value or production cost. The value of each item in stock is estimated. Changes in the value of the farm should be included to get the true value of the farm profit and loss

(iv) CASH ANALYSIS ACCOUNT: It shows the income and expenditure of a farm over a given period of time. In preparing this account, sales and receipts are recorded on the debit side(containing columns for date, name, and details or particulars) while purchases and payment are entered on the credit side(purchase and expenses)

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