2024 WAEC GEOGRAPHY: (5596)

GEOGRAPHY PRACITCAL ANSWER

(1)

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(2)

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(3a)

(i) mountain Kilimanjaro

(ii) mountain Kenya

(3b)

(3c)

(i) lubricating action of water dam the steel slope

(ii)the pull of gravity

(iii)it can be caused by earthquake or volcanism

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(7ai)

[Pick any three]

(i) Climate

(ii) Biological factors or living organisms

(iii) Topography

(iv) Parent Materials

(v) Time

(7aii)

[Pick any two]

(i) Loss of life

(ii) Destruction of infrastructure

(iii) Damage to land

(iv) Loss of natural resources

(7bi)

Exfoliation is a process in which large flat or curved sheets of rock fracture and are detached from the outcrop due to pressure release: As erosion removes the overburden from a rock that formed at high pressure deep in the Earth´s crust, it allows the rock to expand, thus resulting in cracks and fractures along sheet ...

(7bii)

Frost action is the repeated cycle of ice formation and ice melt in the pore spaces and fractures of rocks causing disintegration of the rock. When water in rock pores freezes, its volume increases by about 10%. This can create a significant amount of pressure on rocks.

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(8a)

An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other organisms.

(8b)

i. Biotic components: are the living things that have a direct or indirect influence on other organisms in an environment. For example plants, animals, and microorganisms and their waste materials.

ii. Abiotic components: This includes all chemical and physical elements i.e. non-living components. Abiotic components can vary from region to region, from one ecosystem to another. They mainly take up the role of life supporter. They determine and restrict the population growth, number, and diversity of biotic factors in an ecosystem. Hence, they are called limiting factors.

iii. Decomposes; these are micro organisms that decompose dead nutrients required by producer to prepare their food e.g Fungi and Bacteria.

(8c)

8ci. The relationship between the soil and plant nutrition. If there is no soil then the plants cannot get nitrogen for their nutrition and survival. Nitrogen is the key component in the vital metabolism mechanisms and nitrogen is also a main component in the composition of amino acids and proteins and also nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.

8cii. The living and non-living component is seen on the relationship between water and the life. Water is the basis of life; almost 70% of human body is made of water. There is no chance of life without water.

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BONUS:

(6a). An intrusive volcanic activity is the various ways by which molten rocks and gases from below the earth's crust are forced into cracks and joints within the earth crust where they solidify

(6b).The characteristics of block mountains are as follows— 

(a) When the earth's crust between two fault lines is forced to rise up (due to horizontal pressure from either side) it forms a block mountain or horst. The lowlying parts on either side are called rift valleys or graben. For example, the Satpura range is a horst and the rivers Narmada and Tapi flow along the rift valleys on either side. 

(b) When the part of the earth's crust subsides along two faults lines, due to divergent forces, a rift valley or garben is formed. For example, the river Rhine in Germany flows along such a rift valley and the Black Forest and Vosges represent the block mountains or horst on either side of it. 

(c) Block mountains have steep slopes and flattened tops. 

(d) The height and extent of block mountains are moderate and these mountains are devoid of peaks.

(6c.) Pick any three

stocks, laccoliths, sills, and dikes

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QUESTIONS:

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*USE THIS NOW*

GEOGRAPHY OBJ:

1-10: ADBCACCBBD

11-20: ADDDCDCACA

21-30: CBDCADCDDD

31-40: AACBDDDACC

41-50: ABCCDCDDBC

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BONUS:

(6b)

(i) High pressure on social amenities: As a result of large number of people living in Lagos owing to development, social amenities like electricity, roads are over demanded

(ii) Housing problem: There are shortages of housing compare to the large number of people living over there

(iii) High cost of food/High cost of living: There are high cost of food because food supply are usually lower compare to the large number of people

(6c)

(i) Provision of social amenities

(ii) Construction of government estate

(iii) Increase in food supply

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(3a)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) A small labour force made up of mainly the family members is employed

(ii) Small quantities of articles are produced

(iii)Less capital intensive

(iv)Irregular hours of work

(v) Prices of products are negotiable as it uses simple tools

(vi)Irregular income and uses local raw materials mainly.

(3b)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) The Local Craft industries are often affected by lack of raw materials which hinders the production.

(ii) Poor patronage from the indigenes as a result of poor finishing and low purchasing power.

(iii) Lack of modern equipment to reduce the physical human labour in order to increase production.

(iv) Problem of transportation to bring the finished products from where that are produced in the interior to the markets in the urban centers.

(3c)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i)High level of technology: The increase for high volume of trade between developing and advanced countries is due to the high level of technology in the latter.

(ii)High level of savings: The high level of savings in developed countries makes production cheaper; hence they can easily export their products to developing countries.

(iii)Colonial ties: The inclination of some developing countries to their colonial masters has helped to increase the volume of trade between the nations.

(iv)Differences in import duties: There are higher differences in import duties imposed on imported goods in both countries.

(v)Differences in prices of goods: There are higher differences in prices of goods produced by both countries in order to earn foreign exchange. Foreign goods are cheaper than local ones.

(vi)Preference for imported goods: Developing countries like Nigeria has preference for goods produced by advanced countries; hence, the high volume of trades

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(4)

(4b)

(i) Creation of employment opportunity

(ii) Revenue generation to the government

(iii) Industrialisation

(iv) Attraction of foreign investors

(4c)

(i) Export of goods: Goods produced in Nigeria can be exported into another countries in sea port

(ii) Transportation of goods: Goods produced from other countries can be imported into Nigeria

(iii) Fishing: The development if port promotes intensive fishing around the port

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(1a)

(i)Road Transportation

(ii)Rail Transportation

(iii)Water Transportation

(iv)Air Transportation

(1b)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) To supply raw materials to other parts of the country e.g East African railway.

(ii) To link important cities and facilitate movement of people e.g. Abidjan Ouagadougou.

(iii) To link different regions, thus, promoting inter-regional trade e.g. North and South of Nigeria.

(iv) To open up new areas for major crop production e.g Jos- Maiduguri

(v)To tap resources such as agricultural,mineral and forest. For example , rail network such as Minna,Laura Namoda rail network

(vi) For the purpose of administration.

(vii) For postal services.

(1c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i)Deliberate effort should be made towards the expansion of the Raul network ,inorder to generate growth in the economy. Effort should be geared towards improvement of the efficiency of the rail network

(ii) Government should make capital available to railway authorities to enhance efficiency. Training and retraining of personnel should be undertaken from time to time

(iii) Development of international rail transport system should be embarked upon to spur international trade. There should be improved management techniques: new innovations in management should be encouraged.

(iv)Adoption of standard gauges is very important , so as to enhance operational efficiency.Also There should be Faster engines and coaches to facilitate east and quick movement.

(v)There should be embarkment to check steep gradients, uniform gauges should be adopted, double tracks should be constructed and There should also be improved communication system.

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(5a)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Root and tuber crops

(ii)Cereal crops

(iii)Berry

(iv) Cash crop

(5b)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i)It is very common in rural areas with abundant farmlands.

(ii) It involves small holdings of farmlands.

(iii) Food crops like yam, cassava and maize are grown.

(iv)Farmlands are left to fallow after one or two years of cultivation.

(v) A farmer returns to the farmland after a fallow period of 2-5 years.

(vi) It uses slash or burn method for land preparations.

(vii) It does not involve the cultivation of cash crops like cocoa, rubber and oil palm.

(viii)Bush fallowing is practised where population is very low.

(ix) Produce is usually very low and there is little or none for sale.

(5c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) It leads to wastage of land which could have been used by allowing it to lie fallow

(ii) It leads to land fragmentation due to increase in population

(iii)It allows for cultivation of only one seasonal crops like maize,rice and millet

(iv) It does not lead to mechanisation of farms i.e it does not allow for large scale mechanised farming

(v)It results in poor yield resulting from shorter fallow period as population

(vi)It leads to soil erosion when soil is exhausted and it destroys valuable forest resources like timber.

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(2a)

Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. WHILE Population density is a measurement of population per unit area, or exceptionally unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, most of the time to humans. It is a key geographical term.  

(2b)

(i) High population density: This problem of high population density is caused due to the heavy rate of migration from rural areas. The rapid population growth has led to an acute shortage of dwelling units which resulted to; overcrowding, traffic congestion, pollution, housing shortages, high rents, poor urban living conditions, low infrastructure services, poverty, unemployment, and poor sanitation which has become pervasive and indeed high crime rate.

(ii) Inadequate infrastructures: One major serious aspect of the urban problem is the poor state of the infrastructures. Some developing countries are still faced with bad road network, lack of power supply, inadequate water supply and some basic amenities.

(iii) Lack of affordable housing: This has led to confrontations with well organized squatters, who take over unoccupied buildings to live rent- free or prevent demolitions. Which has brought about, lack of housing vacancy rate, due to the rapid job growth and housing costs that has increased.

(iv) Flooding: Flooding is a very serious problem faced in urban areas, especially in developing countries, during the rainy seasons. The drainage is poorly constructed leading to difficulty in accessing the roads due to the flood leading to the flood disaster in some developing countries.

(2c)

(i) Building Sustainable and Environmentally-friendly Cities: Governments should pass laws that plan and provide environmentally sound cities and smart growth techniques, considering that people should not reside in unsafe and polluted areas.

(ii) Provision of Essential Services: Urban stakeholders must ensure all populations within the urban areas have access to adequate essential social services namely education, health, sanitation and clean water, technology, electricity, and food.

(iii) Creation of More Jobs: To lessen the negative effects of rapid urbanization while at the same time conserving natural ecosystems, private investments should be encouraged so as to utilize natural resources and create more job opportunities.

(iv) Population Control: Key stakeholders in urban areas must provide campaigns and counseling for effective medical health clinics and family planning to help reduce the high rates of population growth.

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QUESTIONS:

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